The latest publications added to the SCCJR database. http://www.sccjr.ac.uk (C) SCCJR http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/view_pub.php?id=230 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT This briefing paper collates for the first time statistics about Multi Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA) across Scotland.  The statistics presented here were originally published in individual MAPPA annual reports, which each report on a different geographic area of Scotland.  The paper begins by outlining the MAPPA arrangements in Scotland and compares information about offenders managed through MAPPA in Scotland with those in England and Wales.  The paper then focuses on a detailed examination of the data available about MAPPA in Scotland.  The figures outlined in the paper are presented in the appendix, where all tables referred to in the paper can be found  http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/view_pub.php?id=228 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of alcohol outlets by area deprivation across Glasgow, Scotland.  METHODS:  all alcohol outlets were mapped and density per 1000 residents and proximity to nearest outlet calculated across quintiles of area deprivation.  RESULTS:  the socio-spatial distribution of alcohol outlets varies by deprivation across Glasgow but not systematically. Some deprived areas contain the highest concentration while others in similar deprivation quintiles contain very few.  CONCLUSIONS: considerations of the local context are important in examining access to alcohol but more research is also required on purchasing behaviour. http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/view_pub.php?id=229 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT This paper investigates the relationship between community off-sales premises and alcohol-related detritus (litter/remains) in residential neighbourhoods. This was accomplished by photographing all brand-identifiable alcohol product detritus (glass, packaging, etc.) where they lay and mapping these against the presence of off-sales outlets (licensed convenience stores) in the community. It was hypothesised that alcohol-related detritus would be greatest near to such alcohol outlets. However, although there was some evidence of a “broken bottles effect”, accumulations of alcohol-related detritus near some off-sales premises, it is concluded that local area deprivation is a better predictor of such alcohol-related incivility than is outlet provision. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to current social responsibility policy developments which are designed to make the alcohol industry liable for alcohol-related incivilities. http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/view_pub.php?id=223 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 GMT This paper explores how music and music genre can govern the nightlife experience, specifically how a nightclub's music policy can impact on clientele, health behaviours, bar sales and levels of disorder. Material and method: Participant observations were conducted in sample of eight city centre nightclubs in Glasgow, Scotland. Results: Music policy was found to influence nightclubs' clientele and their behaviours, for example in relation to differences in levels of alcohol or illegal drug use, sexual activity and violence between venues. Further, within individual venues, music policy was also observed operating as a crowd control tool, with for example such entertainment being used in alcohol marketing, in 'soft policing' and in the temporal management of patrons' movements. This research acknowledges the centrality of the DJ in implementing these controls. Conclusions: It is clear that music is a central component of the Nighttime Economy. Despite this, to date music has tended to play 'second fiddle' to sex and drugs within Club Health research. From this research it is recommended that music policy be incorporated into responsible bar server training packages. http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/view_pub.php?id=224 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 GMT With the numbers of women imprisoned increasing across Western jurisdictions over the last 15 or so years, so too have the numbers of women returning to the community following a period in custody. Despite increasing policy attention in the UK and elsewhere to prisoner resettlement, women’s experiences on release from prison have received limited empirical and policy attention. Drawing upon interviews with women leaving prison in Victoria, Australia, this article discusses the resettlement challenges faced by the women and highlights their similarity to the experiences of women leaving prison in other jurisdictions. Women had mixed (and predominantly negative) experiences and views of accessing services and supports following release, though experiences of parole supervision by community corrections officers were often positive, especially if women felt valued and supported by workers who demonstrated genuine concern. Analysis of factors associated with further offending and with desistance, points to the critical role of flexible, tailored and women-centred post-release support building, and, where possible, upon relationships established with women while they are still in prison. http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/view_pub.php?id=225 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 GMT Current evidence on girls and gangs in the UK is considerably hampered by a set of methodological issues. The first of these stems from the difficulties associated with defining what constitutes a ‘gang’ or being a ‘gang member.’ A second set of issues arise from the fact that much of the qualitative research in this area is conducted by male adult researchers utilizing male gang members and adult practitioners as their source of information about females. The findings of such studies are challenged by research with girls and young women, which demonstrates that group involvement can be both rewarding and destructive for girls. http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/view_pub.php?id=216 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT Drawing on recent research conducted in Scottish criminal courts, this article discusses the evidencing of sexual crimes through victim testimony.  Despite significant reforms, complainers in sexual offence trials still find the process traumatic;  the amount of sexual evidence introduced into the trial has increased;  and the nature of such evidence draws on pervasive and outmoded rape myths. http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/view_pub.php?id=217 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT With the numbers of women imprisoned increasing across Western jurisdictions over the last 15 or so years, so too have the numbers of women returning to the community following a period in custody.  Despite increasing policy attention in the UK and elsewhere to prisoner resettlement, women’s experiences on release from prison have received limited empirical and policy attention.  Drawing upon interviews with women leaving prison in Victoria, Australia, this article discusses the resettlement challenges faced by the women and highlights their similarity to the experiences of women leaving prison in other jurisdictions.  Women had mixed (and predominantly negative) experiences and views of accessing services and supports following release, though experiences of parole supervision by community corrections officers were often positive, especially if women felt valued and supported by workers who demonstrated genuine concern.  Analysis of factors associated with further offending and with desistance, points to the critical role of flexible, tailored and women-centred post-release support building, and, where possible, upon relationships established with women while they are still in prison. http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/view_pub.php?id=218 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT Politicians are fond of telling interviewers that their focus should be on the `real issues' or `what matters most to the people'.  This research note considers the place of crime as a `real issue', specifically during the national general election held in the UK in May 2005. According to research by Ipsos MORI (May 2005), at the time of the election the issues that mattered most to people were crime (40 per cent), the health service (36 per cent), race relations/immigration (27 per cent) and education (26 per cent).  Crime was clearly important to the public, but how was this reflected in the policies of the main parties and the media coverage of the campaign? http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/view_pub.php?id=219 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT In Britain, we have been told by politicians that anti-social behaviour (ASB) is a menace that has to be tackled.  In this review article, evidence is provided that ASB is not a problem that affects us all; rather, concerns are highest within urban areas, particularly in certain deprived neighbourhoods and town and city centres.  Possible explanations for this spatial concentration of concern are explored, for instance, relating to the effectiveness of informal social control mechanisms and people's differing behavioural expectations for public spaces.  It is contended that some activity may be misidentified as ASB because it does not fit the cultural and social norms of the majority.  It is also argued that aesthetics plays a part in determining behavioural acceptability and that, particularly in urban centres, spaces can be cleansed of difference to cater for the tastes of a 'consuming majority'. http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/view_pub.php?id=220 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT Various police and partnership schemes claim to address vulnerability, either as an end in itself, or as a means of crime reduction. However, project staff do not articulate always what is meant by 'vulnerability,' or relate it necessarily to victimization risk.  This paper considers what the notions of 'vulnerability' and 'risk' mean, and how they are tackled and prioritized.  Some lessons are provided from the UK Reducing Burglary Initiative.  The paper argues that un-evidenced assumptions of vulnerability and risk need to be avoided. Additionally, a decision to focus on vulnerability is, mostly, one to reduce disadvantage rather than crime. http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/view_pub.php?id=221 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT Rising terrorism and advances in technology, along with new organizational strategies and investigative techniques, have stretched the traditional role of the police officer. Calls for strong, intelligence-driven, paramilitary policing juxtaposed with a demand for "softer" community policing, leave officers under increased pressure to be tough and resolute, yet compassionate, accountable, and adaptable.  A measured analysis of these concerns is crucial to enable police officers to move forward in this increasingly conflicted world. Drawn from the most important articles in "Police Practice and Research," Contemporary Issues in Law Enforcement and Policing focuses on the most common issues affecting today's officers.  Enhanced with an introduction and conclusion to present and weigh the arguments and consider the pragmatic aspects and challenges posed, the articles are written by academics and practicing police officers from four countries to provide a balanced, international point of view. Assessing the driving forces behind contemporary policing, this book addresses day-to-day policing and the stress found in both the daily grind and the division and stigmatization of certain branches of the force;  considers ethics, corruption, and the dangers of misplaced loyalties, highlighting Australian strategies to prevent misconduct;  provides a typology of terrorism based on scope and justification and discusses appropriate counterterrorism measures, as well as the impact on other policing priorities;  introduces a temporal component to the traditional spatial emphasis of crime mapping supported by a Madrid case study and its revealing failures;  discusses restorative policing as a fundamental shift in intervention objectives, from punishment or treatment to an emphasis on repairing harm An objective look at today's trends, this book presents the most pertinent and talked-about issues in modern policing and provides perspective and direction for the future.   http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/view_pub.php?id=222 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT This report sets out the findings of the evaluation of the pilot Community Reparation Order schemes ( CROs) operating in Dundee, Highland and Inverclyde from April 2005 to March 2007. The research has been conducted by the University of Edinburgh's Criminal Justice Social Work Development Centre for Scotland in partnership with DTZ. The Scottish Executive introduced Community Reparation Orders ( CROs) in May 2005 as one of a range of new measures for tackling antisocial behaviour under the Antisocial Behaviour etc (Scotland) Act 2004. http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/view_pub.php?id=210 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT   base on the most effective ways of supporting parents. The Criminal Justice Development Centre for Scotland (the Centre) was commissioned by the Scottish Executive Scotland, to look at the availability of support and services for parents in Scotland, local approaches to providing support and services, and the broader evidence http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/view_pub.php?id=212 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT